Eugène Grasset

Eugène Samuel Grasset (25 May 1845 – 23 October 1917) was a Swiss decorative artist who worked in Paris, France in a variety of creative design fields during the Belle Époque. He is considered a pioneer in Art Nouveau design.

Biography

Grasset was born in Lausanne, Switzerland on 25 May 1845. He was raised in an artistic environment as the son of a cabinetmaker and sculptor who taught him at an early age how to use the chisel and the gouge. He studied drawing under Francois-Louis David Bocion (1828–1890) and in 1861 went to Zürich to study architecture. After completing his education, he visited Egypt, an experience that would later be reflected in a number of his poster designs. He became an admirer of Japanese art, which influenced some of his designs as well.

Between 1869 and 1870, Grasset worked as a painter and sculptor in Lausanne. He moved to Paris in 1871 where he designed furniture, wallpapers, fabrics, and tapestries as well as ceramics and jewelry. He created architectural elements of woodwork that were integrated into buildings. His fine art decorative pieces were crafted from ivory, gold, and other precious materials in unique combinations and his creations are considered a cornerstone of Art Nouveau motifs and patterns.

In 1877 Eugène Grasset turned to graphic design, producing income-generating products such as postcards and eventually postage stamps for both France and Switzerland. It was poster art, however, that quickly became his ''forte''. Some of his works became part of the Maîtres de l'Affiche, including his lithograph, "''Jeanne d'Arc Sarah Bernhardt''". In 1890, he designed the "Semeuse who spreads seeds of dandelion" logo used by the dictionary publishers, Éditions Larousse.

With the growing popularity of French posters in the United States, Grasset was soon contacted by several American companies. In the 1880s, he did his first American commission and more success led to his cover design for the 1892 Christmas issue of Harper's Magazine. In 1894 Grasset created "The Wooly Horse" and "The Sun of Austerlitz" for ''The Century Magazine'' to help advertise their serialized story on the life of Napoleon Bonaparte. The "Wooly Horse" image proved so popular that Louis Comfort Tiffany recreated it in stained glass. Grasset's work for U.S. institutions helped pave the way for Art Nouveau to dominate American art.

Grasset taught design at the École Guérin from 1890 to 1903, at the École d’Art graphique in the rue Madame from 1903 to 1904, at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière from 1904 to 1913, and at the École Estienne in Paris. Grasset had freely adapted the alphabet of Nicolas Jenson (1471) with the intention of using it to print a book on his own method for ornamental composition, inspired by the courses he gave to the Guérin school. Georges Peignot acquired Grasset's alphabet and obtained an official patent 7 October 1897 for the typeface under the name, "''Grasset''". He then gave Henri Parmentier, the workshop's punchcutter, the mission to engrave it.

In 1896 he published a dissertation on the use of plants in designs,Plants and Their Application to Ornament
(1896), Public Domain Review, accessed 2019.05.01 that featured images of designs prepared by his students. Among his students were Paul Berthon, Georges Bourgeot, Paul Follot, Marcelle Gaudin, Augusto Giacometti, Arsène Herbinier, Anna Martin, Mathurin Méheut, Juliette Milési, Otto Ernst Schmidt, Auguste Silice, Maurice Pillard Verneuil, Aline Poitevin, Pierre Selmersheim, Tony Selmersheim, Camille Gabriel Schlumberger, Eliseu Visconti, and Philippe Wolfers

At the Universal Exhibition of 1900 in Paris, the G. Peignot et Fils typefoundry, introduced the "Grasset" typeface, an Italic design Eugène Grasset created in 1898 for use on some of his posters.

Eugène Grasset died in 1917 in Sceaux in the Hauts-de-Seine département, southwest of Paris.

File:Grasset - Drei Frauen und drei Wölfe.jpg, Grasset poster, ''Drei Frauen und drei Wölfe, circa 1892.''
File:Eugène Grasset - La Vitrioleuse.jpg, ''La Vitrioleuse'' ("The Acid Thrower"), 1894, lithograph with hand-stencilled colours, for '' L'Estampe originale''
File:Grasset - Sarah-Bernhardt.jpg, Sarah Bernhardt as Jeanne d'Arc
File:Paris illustré, "La danse" MET DP-1129-01.jpg, "La danse" Issue no. 59 of Paris illustré, published 1887.

Exhibitions

* Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts, Lausanne, 2011.

See also

* Poster
* Georges Peignot made the typeface, ''Grasset'', at his foundry
* "''Grasset''" typeface
* Samantha Littlefield Huntley, one of his students

Notes

References

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Grasset, Eugene
1845 births
1917 deaths
People from Lausanne
Art Nouveau designers
Art Nouveau illustrators
Swiss stamp designers
Swiss poster artists
Académie de la Grande Chaumière faculty
Swiss illustrators
Swiss emigrants to France
19th-century Swiss artists
20th-century Swiss artists
Belle Époque